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Study of the Population Dynamics of the Olive Fly, Bactrocera oleae Rossi. (Diptera, Tephritidae) in the Region of Essaouira  [PDF]
Abdellaziz Ait Mansour, Kholoud Kahime, Mohammed Chemseddine, Ali Boumezzough
Open Journal of Ecology (OJE) , 2015, DOI: 10.4236/oje.2015.55015
Abstract:

The Bactrocera oleae Rossi fly is the most important olive pest. It is of major economic importance in the olive production area of Essaouira, where weather conditions are optimal for the conduct of the various stages of its life cycle. The lack of phytosanitary treatments worsens this situation. The development of the larval stages and different generations are related to the phenological stages of the olive and are controlled by changes in habitat conditions. Trapping of adult males by Deltas traps baited with sex pheromone, at the four study sites, has identified some characteristics of the evolution of the adult populations’ flight dynamics. Our main results show a decreasing gradient of early emergences of different stages from the coast to the continental areas as well as the absence of the summer generation at the inner station. Soil analysis in the two stations showed that the hypogenous pupae wintering in the soil survive until June. Knowledge of the factors involved in the bio-ecology of the olive fly and the phenology of the host allows the elaboration of monitoring/ warning calendars, and phytosanitary measures in order to establish an IPM program adapted to the requirements of olive orchards in the region.

Epidemiological Investigation of Canine Leishmaniasis in Southern Morocco
Samia Boussaa,Mohamed Kasbari,Amal El Mzabi,Ali Boumezzough
Advances in Epidemiology , 2014, DOI: 10.1155/2014/104697
Abstract: Dogs are the major reservoir of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean basin. In Morocco, canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is usually believed to be widespread mainly, if not only, in the northern regions and few data are available about the situation in southern parts of the country. Here, we report the results of a preliminary, clinical, and serological study carried out in 2004–2007, in four provinces of southern Morocco. Serological analyses were processed using two different Elisa techniques, a homemade Elisa test and IDVET commercial kit, and confirmed by two different western blot (WB) tests, homemade and LDBIO commercial kits. We highlighted the presence of CanL infection in southern regions, known until then as free of the disease: 19.8% (48/243) of examined dogs displayed clinical signs compatible with CanL and the seroprevalence was particularly high, respectively, 81.8% and 87.8% by Elisa and western blot tests. Our current developed and validated homemade (Elisa and WB) tools will be cost-effective and useful for next large-scale epidemiological studies on Moroccan leishmaniasis animal reservoir. 1. Introduction Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonotic disease caused by Leishmania infantum, a trypanosomatid protozoan, transmitted through infected sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) bites. CanL is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, where seroprevalence ranges between ten and 37% [1, 2] and symptoms in dogs occur in various combinations [3]. Both symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs are sources of the parasite and phlebotomine sand flies play an active role in the transmission of Leishmania to humans [4]. In northern Morocco, natural CanL was first reported in the region of Tangier [5]. Further subsequent cases have been reported in Taounate, Al Hoceima, Chefchaouen, and Ouezzane provinces [6], in Sefrou and Zouagha Moulay Yacoub [7], in Khemisset province [8], and in the province of Nador [9]. Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-1 is the unique causative agent of CanL in the northern slopes of the Rif mountains [6] and L. infantum MON-24 was identified in dogs from the Pre-Rif area [10]. In the Rif region specifically, dog seroprevalence ranges between ten and 41% [9] and L. infantum strains are highly virulent [8, 9]. In northern slope of High Atlas Moroccan mountains, Dereure et al. [11] reported the presence of dogs infected with L. tropica (MON-102 and MON-113). Additionally, Guessous-Idrissi et al. [12] reported a case of dog with visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. tropica in
Urbanization of human visceral leishmaniasis in Morocco
Ali Boumezzough,Haddou Nhammi,Kholoud Kahime,Samia Boussaa
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1016/j.parepi.2017.07.001
Abstract: Human visceral leishmaniasis one of the seven most neglected tropical diseases in the world. In Morocco, HVL is widespread in all regions; but it is more common in the northern part with sporadic cases observed in the South
Species composition of sand flies and bionomics of Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti (Diptera: Psychodidae) in cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic foci, Morocco
Abdallah M. Samy,Abdelkrim Ben Salem,Ali Boumezzough,Kholoud Kahime,Samia Boussaa
- , 2016, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1343-6
Abstract: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Morocco. Leishmania major and L. tropica are the main culprits identified in all endemic foci across the country. These two etiological agents are transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi and P. sergenti, the two most prevalent sand fly species in Morocco. Previous studies reflected gaps of knowledge regarding the environmental fingerprints that affect the distribution of these two potential vectors across Morocco
Molecular detection of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica in rodent species from endemic cutaneous leishmaniasis areas in Morocco
Ali Boumezzough,Carmen Chicharro,Eugenia Carrillo,Javier Moreno,Javier Nieto,Mohamed Echchakery,Ortega Sheila,Samia Boussaa
- , 2017, DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2398-8
Abstract: The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2398-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users
Androctonus genus species in arid regions: Ecological niche models, geographical distributions, and envenomation risk
Abdellah Bouazza,Ali Boumezzough,Mehdi Ait Laaradia,Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan,Oulaid Touloun
- , 2018, DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.286-292
Abstract:
Management of a Second-Trimester Abdominal Pregnancy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature  [PDF]
Abdallah El Farouqi, Essaid Iraki, Anas Boumezzough
Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (OJOG) , 2022, DOI: 10.4236/ojog.2022.121004
Abstract: Introduction: The abdominal pregnancy is a rare pathology that can threaten the vital prognosis of the mother. The positive diagnosis is difficult to establish. It is most often made in an acute context, leading to a high fetomaternal morbidity and mortality. Our objective is to recall the diagnostic approach and optimal management of this condition. Case report: We present the case of an abdominal pregnancy at 18 weeks of amenorrhea with partial placental abruption in a 26-year-old patient who presented with abdominal pain in emergency obstetrical department of university hospital center of Agadir. The ultrasound revealed the presence of an evolving abdominal pregnancy. The MRI allowed precisely the localization of the placenta and its relationship with the surrounding organs. A laparotomy revealed the insertion of the placenta on the right adnexa. The right adnexectomy allowed removal of the placenta without incident. Conclusion: Abdominal pregnancy is difficult to diagnose. It is essential to be well informed about the clinical and ultrasonographic semiology of this pregnancy, in order to avoid operative surprises and to ensure the appropriate treatment.
Linking Climate to Incidence of Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (L. major) in Pre-Saharan North Africa
Lahouari Bounoua,Kholoud Kahime,Leila Houti,Tara Blakey,Kristie L. Ebi,Ping Zhang,Marc L. Imhoff,Kurtis J. Thome,Claire Dudek,Salah A. Sahabi,Mohammed Messouli,Baghdad Makhlouf,Abderrahmane El. Laamrani,Ali Boumezzough
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 2013, DOI: 10.3390/ijerph10083172
Abstract: Shifts in surface climate may have changed the dynamic of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) in the pre-Saharan zones of North Africa. Caused by Leishmania major, this form multiplies in the body of rodents serving as reservoirs of the disease. The parasite is then transmitted to human hosts by the bite of a Phlebotomine sand fly (Diptera: Psychodidae) that was previously fed by biting an infected reservoir. We examine the seasonal and interannual dynamics of the incidence of this ZCL as a function of surface climate indicators in two regions covering a large area of the semi-arid Pre-Saharan North Africa. Results suggest that in this area, changes in climate may have initiated a trophic cascade that resulted in an increase in ZCL incidence. We find the correlation between the rainy season precipitation and the same year Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to be strong for both regions while the number of cases of ZCL incidence lags the precipitation and NDVI by 2 years. The zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis seasonal dynamic appears to be controlled by minimum temperatures and presents a 2-month lag between the reported infection date and the presumed date when the infection actually occurred. The decadal increase in the number of ZCL occurrence in the region suggests that changes in climate increased minimum temperatures sufficiently and created conditions suitable for endemicity that did not previously exist. We also find that temperatures above a critical range suppress ZCL incidence by limiting the vector’s reproductive activity.
Epidemiological survey of scorpion envenomation in southwestern Morocco
TOULOUN, O.;SLIMANI, T.;BOUMEZZOUGH, A.;
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins , 2001, DOI: 10.1590/S0104-79302001000200006
Abstract: the high frequency and severity of scorpion envenomation in morocco is a serious public health problem, especially in semi arid and arid areas with a large rural population. in view of this alarming situation, we have conducted this investigation on scorpion envenomation in the haouz and souss plains between 1994 and 1998. preliminary results have shown a high rate of scorpion envenomation with several deaths. with the exception of scorpio maurus, the suspected species are generally anthropophilous, which belong to the androctonus genera of the buthidae family. the buthidae family is responsible for 96.93% of the envenomings. in the southwestern morocco, the death rate is of about 3.84%. the androctonus mauretanicus is responsible for 60% of deaths. we show the various therapeutic modalities used by the local populations and propose prophylactic measures, such as awareness and prevention.
The genus Butheoloides Hirst, 1925 (Scorpiones: Buthidae) in Morocco, with a description of a new species.
Louren？o, W.R.,Touloun, O.,Boumezzough, A.
Euscorpius , 2011,
Abstract: A new species belonging to the genus Butheoloides Hirst, 1925 (subgenus Butheoloides Hirst, 1925) (Scorpiones, Buthidae) is described from two localities in Morocco: north of Sidi Ifni in the southern coast and Sidi Moussa west of Tiznit. With the description of Butheoloides (Butheoloides) littoralis sp. n., the total number of species of this genus known from Morocco is raised to five. This makes Morocco the region in Africa with the highest diversity for Butheoloides species.
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